Formulation of Research Topic / Proposal: A research proposal is a chosen plan of action to follow in conjunction with a research work. It is a tool to identify potential research interest. The objectives of a research proposal are -
i) Research proposal gives
direction to the research work;
ii) It is needed to submit to the
funding agency / supervisor;
iii) It is the foundation on which
the future research work will grow.
The researchers own academic,
personal, and professional expertise is the main asset to choose a relevant
topic of interest for research. Before taking any topic for research one should
ask himself / herself two questions - what is the significance of the topic and
why is this particular topic need of being researched?
1. Steps in Formulating a Research
Proposal: Though there is no thumb rule for formulating a research topic,
yet the following will throw a light in this direction.
i)
Identifying Area of Specialization: In choosing any topic for research
the first and foremost thing is the identification of the areas what one likes
most.
ii)
Discussion with Peers: In the very second step one should ask or talk
with his / her peers (including seniors and teacher) about the topic and by
this way should try to collect some more information on the topic at hand.
iii)
Using Science: The person concerned in the next step should employ
science in way of viewing the topic based on the concept of order, external
reality, reliability, parsimony, and generality.
iv)
Literature Search: Literature search is essential in order to be
aware
of the existing research and to know what has already come out to the
surface.
Different form of literature both macro, micro and web covering all
aspect of
the topic should be studied at this step itself. Literature searching
tool
includes guides to literature; bibliographies, citation analysis
(forward
search); library catalogue, indexing and abstracting journals, search
engines; Meta search engine; wiki search engines, etc. During
literature search activity one should collect all the relevant
documents. It
will be needed to summarize the results of previous research to form a
foundation of the present one and to collect ideas about what
methodologies,
techniques and tool were used by previous researchers in case of near
topic
that one is supposed to choose for and to assess the success of the
previous
research work based on the methodologies, techniques and tools
undertaken.
v)
Research Method, Tools and Techniques: Based on the literature search,
the research scholar should seek for alternative, judge himself/herself why
earlier investigators choose their course of action, what are their
shortcomings, whether other approaches can be used for such type of
investigation and so on.
vi)
Key Concepts: In the next step, the research scholar should try to list
and define key concepts and terms and also be alert to the latest happenings on
the subject;
vii)
Problem Identification: The research scholar now should find out, what
is missing in the existing literature. In doing so he/she should go from
general to particular problem, and then should break the problem.
viii)
Judging Yourself: Now after identification of the problem one should
judge himself/herself whether he/she is fitted to take this topic, in regard to
his/her expertise, time and skill, if not he/she must again start from the
point number (i) and choose other alternatives;
ix)
Research Proposal: In this step the research scholar should prepare the
research proposal, making judgment to make others convinced regarding the value
of the research work, map out all the arguments in the form of research proposal
and so on.
x)
Communicating the Proposal: The proposal should be communicated with
the expected research supervisor.
2. Contents of a Research
Proposal: A research proposal in
general consists of the following parts-
Sl.
No.
|
Contents
|
Page
|
1
|
Title Page
|
1
|
2
|
Introduction
|
1
|
3
|
Statement of The Problem
|
1
|
4
|
Aims and Objectives
|
½
|
5
|
Topic Justification
|
1
|
6
|
Scope and Limitation
|
½
|
7
|
Literature Review
|
5
|
8
|
Methodology
|
2
|
9
|
Ethical Consideration: the ethics
you adopt
|
1
|
10
|
Risk Analysis
|
1
|
11
|
Schedule*
|
1
|
12
|
References
|
1
|
* The Schedule will include time needed for extensive literature search,
research design to conduct the main study, and time needed to write the
research findings.
a) Setting up Template: Template like using of Font = Times New
Roman; Font Style = Regular; Font Size = 12; Alignment = Justify; Line Spacing
= 1.5. For heading purpose one can use Font Style: Bold, rests are same and
like that.
b) Avoiding Biasness: For any type of
research proposal writing it would be better to restrict using “I” except in
the introduction chapter, in other parts of the report it should be replaced by
“the researcher”, “the author”, and such appropriate words.
c) Table and Graphs Names: In case of
table and graph naming, the rule of thump is to naming the table and graph by
using the chapter name followed by table or graph number starting freshly from
the beginning of each chapter.
d) Checking: After writing the research
proposal the research scholar need to check for the following:-
i) Whether all text formatting
guidelines are followed or not.
ii) Quotations are complete and
followed by in text citation or not.
iii) In text citation are included
in the references pages or not.
iv) Is there any
jumping in sentences and if it is then it should be made a smooth flow of
ideas.
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